Image broadcasting system



Mmhm, 1936. WQHFINCH 2,036,128

IMAGE BROADCASTIFJG SYSTEI original Filed larch 26, 1934 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 RECTlFlE-R RECE\VER all INVENTOR mmm jgeflfinch 5' 4 1M ATTORNEY March 31, 1936. w. G. H. FINCH 2,035,123

IMAGE BROADCASTING SYSTEM Ofiginal Filed March 26, 1934 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 ATTORNEY March 31, 1936. w H 2,036,128

IIAGE BROADCASTING SYSTEM Original Filed iar n 26, 19:4 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 ATTORNEY March 31, 19 36. s H. FlNCH IMAGE BROADCASTING SYSTEM Original Fi1$lflt0h 26, 1934 4 Sha ts-Sheet 4 ATTORNEY Patented Mar. 31, 1936 Divided and this application Decemher is, 1934, Serial No. 151,994

21 Claims. (01. 178-11) My invention relates to novel apparatus for and methods of transmitting signals and more particularly relates to novel apparatus for and methods of visual broadcasting, such as disclosed in my application Serial No. 717,304, filed March 26, 1934, of .which this application is a vtrue division.

In the transmission 01' facsimile signals, it has heretofore been the practice to employ a cylindrical member on which'the picture or object to be transmitted by facsimile was mounted. The cylinder was scanned by rotating the cylinder past a pointer and at the same time moving the cylinder with respect to the pointer in a longitudinal direction by means of a worm mounting.

An electrical contactor mounted on a stylus was employed for detecting the light variations of the image on the cylinder.

The obvious defect of such a system was that it could transmit only the image mounted on the cylinder and was not adapted for the continuous transmission of messages.

For the purpose of transmitting any relatively long messages by iacsimilait has been proposed to oscillate an arm carrying a stylus over a moving sheet on which the message which is to be transmitted by facsimile is recorded. In this type of arrangement, no practical photoelectric cell arrangement which is operated. in accordance do with variations of the image for transmitting facsimile signals. has heretofore been developed, nor has it been possible in the systems heretofore used to employ the same system and apparatus for the transmission either of black mid white 35 pictures or half tones, as desired.

Moreover, the mechanisms proposed were complicated, requiring many parts which were heavy and no practical construction has been suggested for facsimile transmission which would be adaptships and the like.

I have invented a novel adaptation of the photoelectric cell arrangement and simple synchronizing arrangement, requiring a mechanism light in weight, inexpensive and easy to operate for the broadcasting of images, the apparatus being operated either by wire or by radio.

Accordingly, an object of my invention is to methods of able for mobile use, as on automobiles, airpianes,

a novel image broadcasting system which may be operated either by radio or by wire circuits.

Still further another object of my invention is to provide a novel construction of photoelectric cell. 5

Another object is to provide novel image broadcasting system operated by photoelectric cell.

I have discovered that detail is not consequential in image transmission of words. and that g by a sacrifice of detail I can provide a word 10 transmitting system operating at even higher speeds than now obtainable by telegraphy.

In accordance with my invention, I contemplate reducing the image to be transmitted a number of times to an image which is a small 15 fraction in size of the original ima e; scanning this reduced image for transmission; receiving the image reduced; and thereafter enlarging it. In a modified form I contemplate operating the receiver scanner to produce a direct enlargement. 20

Accordingly .a further object of my invention is to provide novel apparatus for and methods of broadcasting word images.

A further object-of my invention is to provide I novel apparatus for and methods of broadcasting images by reducing the size of the image to be broadcasted; receiving the reduced image; and enlarging it.

There are other objects of my invention which, together with the foregoing, will appear in the detailed description which is to follow in connection with the drawings in which:

Figure 1 is a circuit diagram of the transmitter;

Fig. 1a shows a modification of the arrangement in Fig. 1;

Figure 2 is a circuit diagram oi'the receiver;

Figure 3 is a detailed view of the right hand side elevation of the transmitter;

Figure 4 is a cross section of the main shaft;

Figure 5 is a detailed drawing oi the cam;

Figure 6 is a top view of the-transmitter;

Figure 7 is a right hand side elevation of the receiver;

Figure 8 is a detailed view of synchronization mechanism. 1

Referring to Figure 1, I have shown a developed positive film or'similarband I moving in the' direction of the arrow at' a predetermined speed controlled by synchronous single phase motor I in a manner to be described hereinafter. Motor 2 may be driven from a standard source such as a sixtyor twenty-five cycle line. Upon film I, the image to be transmitted appears in black and for purposes of illustration, I have shown 5 '5 areproduced. For transmitting shades between I, a photoelectric cell 4, shaped as a section of an arc, is suitably mounted and connected to a suitable amplifier which in turn is connected to the transmitter for transmitting signals. The

transmitter for radio broadcasting may be an oscillator of carrier frequencies modulated by the picture currentsgenerated by the photoelectric cell as the image to be transmitted is scanned in a manner to be described hereinafter. For

Wire transmission, a similar arrangement or Just an impulse transmitter may be used.

When the single phase motor 2 is set in motion by closing switch 5, its armature 6 revolves in the direction shown by the arrow and the. worm mounted at I on the armature shaft meshes with and drives worm gear 8'. Gear 8 is mounted on and 'ro't'ates shaft 9 in the direction ofthe arrow. Shaft 9 carries secured thereto a cam l0 which, in revolving, controlscam follower 52', carrying an image scanning" device ll, pivoted at i2 to oscillate. Cam follower 52' is held against cam H) by a spring 53 (Figure 3) so that as shaft 9 rotates, arm II is swept back and forth over and scans the photograph appearing on band I.

For purposes of simplicity, the mechanism which steps the photographic band I forward is not shown in this figure (to be described in' connection with Figure 3) eachcycle of scanning arm II, the picture con- "substantially like cam II in Figure 1, which in turn actuates cam follower arm 24, pivoted at back and forth acesssdirection indicated by the arrow. A synchronization disc I 8, free to rotate about shaft I1, is located so that a pawl l9, under the action of spring 20, normally-engages ratchet wheel 2|, which is securely fastened to shaft 11. The synchronization disc I8 is secured to the hollow shaft 22 which is shown diagrammatically for simplicity at right angles from disc l8. Upon the'hollo'w shaft 22 is secured a cam-28, shaped 25; causing stylus 80. to oscillate over a suitable image retainer shown at 28, which travels in the direction. of the arrow at a predetermined speed under control of motor IS.

The camfollower 24 actuates an arm 89 upon which is pivoted at. the stylus 90, the end of which is forked as at 24' and supplied with an arcuate iron armature 21 to cooperate with the pole piece 'of a polarized magnet 28 having wind-.

ing's 29. -When the magnet winding 29 is deenergized, the pole pieces act upon the armature but at the completion of taining film is fed forward a predetermined amount, depending upon the quality of the'picture desired, so that on each swing of arm ,a new line of image points is scanned. All of this will be shown and described in greater detail hereinafter.

rotates, arm ll oscillates in a sweeping movement back and forth over the picture to beltransmitted scanned. V

A suitable lighting system comprising a source of light of constant intensity, an objective lens and a reflector, capable of bending the light beam 90 degrees, is" focused through the picture upon betransmitted interposes the ligh the photoelectric cell 4;

It'will be clear that whenever adark or black portion f the image to its source and-the photoelectric cell 4,'a variation in the current generatedby the photoelectric cell inits circuit'occurs. In the case of black. and

white. transmission, only two current variations black and white a corresponding 11 ber of current variations'result. In half tone transmission it'would be necessary to; break up the pictureinto sections in the. manner well known in the art.

, ,When these current variations are amplified- It will now be clear that as motor 2 33 by tension spring 34 when .energized. Switch arm 35 is beam between and applied to the transmitting equipment, they i will be radiated through'the 65 schematically in -eircuitswitch Id. This 70 'motor 2.

air or transmitted by wire to the receiving circuit and related apparatus shown diagrammatically, in Figure 2.

Referring now to the receiving ,circuits shown Figure 2, a synchronous single phase motor is set in motion by closing the local motor ispreferably driven from a source of alternating current tied into the system supplying These two motors arethus driven in synchronism. To the armature of motor it is secured a worm i5 suitably mounted in bearings d driving gear i6, secured to shaft ill, in the p wer to the transmitting When switch II isclosed, motor I3 is set in motion, thus imparting an oscillatory movement to stylus arm 90, said movement being in unison with the motion of arm ll 10f the transmitter shown in Figure 1, so that am instant in position to operate in response to a received signal. As soon as the Styluses II and- 90, now operating in 'synchronism, arealso in Slis'at every proper phase relation, the system will be in con-- 1 dition for the transmission and reception of visual signals. 7

Synchronization and phase relation is accomplished bymeans of the synohronizationslow-toenergize magnet 30 whichactuates the armature andpawl 3| pivoted at 32 and held against stop the magnet is de-. actuated by a projection on the periphery of'synchronization disc- 88 and is capable of closing its right or left contact, thus switching. the incoming signalfrom' visual signalresponsive magnet 29 tothe synchronizing magnet 30 and vice versa, according to theposition in which arm 85 is located.

Assuming that the transmitter is in motion and is scanning the picture appearing on band 9 shown in Figure 1, each time mm H reaches its extreme left, an extra long impulse will be transmitted due to the black band 8 appearing in that location throughout thelength of the transmitted picture. As explained hereinbefore, .the black bandis wider than will be obtained at any. part of an image being transmitted, these images being usually word images. This results in the transmission of a synchronizing impulse or an I impulse of extra long length, the results of which will be described hereinafter.

As the motion of arm it continues from left to right, and vice versa, the variations of light striking the photoelectric cell 4 due to the varied intensity of the picture interposed between the source of light and the photoelectric cell will be transformed into electrical impulses and no impulses which are transmitted by the transmitter and associated equipment,

It wfll be understood, of course, that the light rays are so directed that no light is impinged on the photoelectric cell except the light beams coming directly toward it at right angles to its plane. Accordingly, in the illustration given,.

when arm II, is directly opposite the dark portion or outline of the figure Y so that the direct light beam normal to the plane of the film I is interposed by a portion of the figure Y, no light reaches the photoelectric cell, since there are no light beams at any angle other than at right angles.

The result is that as the arm ll scans the image, variable amounts of light are impinged on the photoelectric cell, all directly in proporset in motion by closing switch ll, said motion will be. transmitted through gear l6, shaft I],

ratchet 2|, pawl l9, to synchronizing disc I8. This motion will continue in the direction of the arrow until that portion of pawl l9 which extends beyond the periphery of disc IE will come in contact with the ,tongueof pawl 3|, thus disengaging ratchet 21 from synchronizing disc i8.

- Disc l8 will be brought to a stop, in turn stop ping hollow shaft 22 and the oscillating motion of arm 24' at the extreme lefthand side of the receiving mechanism.

The position of pawl 3| with respect to pawl I! is such that when pawl it engages the tongue of pawl 3|,hollow shaft 22 rotates until arm.

24 is at its extreme left position ready to sweep to the right. Inasmuch as arms 52 and 24 are driven by motors in. substantial synchronism, arm 52 is similarly in its extreme left position for sending a prolonged or synchronizing impulse."

With arm I I on the synchronization band 3, a

synchronizing signal is transmitted as'previously described. At this time not only is pawl l9 engaged by the tongue of member 3|, but the projectlon ll has engaged the tooth of switch 35 which issprung to the right (Figures 7 and 8) to engage its alternate contact. Accordingly the synchronizing signal received by the receiver is directed to the circuit including the slow-to-energize magnet 30 which thereupon is energized to actuate armature and pawl ll. Pawl 3| rocks about its pivot 22 against the action of spring 34, diseng ,the tongue oi member 3| from pawl I, which will immediately fall into one of the teeth of ratchet wheel 2|, thus imparting an oscillating motion to receiving arm 24, so that the two arms 52' and 24 are now not only oscillating in synchronism but are also oscillating in proper phase relation in respect to their an-' gular motion.

At the end of each revolution 'of the receiver synchronization disc It, the pawl I9 is about to disengage itself from ratchet 2| by striking'pawl 3|. However, at this moment and just before such possible disengagement, the transmitting arm H is entering the synhronization band 3, thus transmitting a synchronization impulse, and inasmuch as switch arm 35 is at this time thrown so as to close its right hand contact Ill, Fig. '7,

.due to the pressure of the cam extension I! on the periphery of synchronization disc it, it will switch the incoming synchronizing signal intosynchronizing magnet 30, allowing the pawl l9 to remain in mesh and to continue its rotary motion until transmission ceases.

The stylus 90 which rotates about pivot 25 in order to sweep from right to leftover the picture signal which, when received at the receiving end,

will act upon stylus II in-such a way as to cause the marking end to come in contact with picture retainer 26, thus producing a marking in the same respective location as the dark portion on the transmitted photograph in a manner to be shown hereinafter. Itherefore produce a picture identical to the one which is being trans- 'mitted but composed of lines closely grouped together, the quality of the picture depending upon the number of these lines per linear inch covered by the scanning arm of the transmitter and receiver.

In the system described above, receiver magnet energizing circuit flows to energize the image receiving magnet 29 or the syndhronizing magnet 30 only when light is intercepted by a dark spot. v

In a modified form of my invention, I contemplate having current flowing in the output of the photoelectric cell to actuate the transmitter, that current flowing to energize the synchronizingmagnet 30 or sigral magnet 29, as the case may be, when light is impinged on the photoelectric cell. 'As the receiver, a spring normally tends to operate stylus into engagement with the paper, but is prevented from doing-so by the energizing current, in magnet 29. When a dark spot of the image is reached at the transmitter, an interruption in the signalling system occurs, resulting in a deenergization of magnet 29 and the consequent operation of stylus against film 26 under action of its spring.

. If it is preferred, the spring may be replaced by having the normal position of stylus 93 against film 26 and the energization of the magnet withdrawingthe stylus from the film, as will be understoodby those skilled in the art.

as at under the present band 3, replacing band 3 with a complete transparency greater than exists at the most transparent portion of the image film i so that when this portion is scanned, an increase in the photoelectric cell output current results in a corresponding increase in the receiver current amplitude. Relay 30 instead of being a slow-to-energize relay is responsive only to currents of this increased amplitude of the synchronizing current. If, therefore, the syn chronizing current is received, relay 3D will operate in response thereto.

1 In another form, as shown in FigJla, this ina creased synchronizing current may be obtained by terminating the photoelectric cell 4 just before the portion of strip 3 and placing a second photoelectric cell 4a under'present strip 8 more sensitive than cell 4 and therefore having a larger m current output than the latter.

In the above I have not attemptedvto describe the details of the apparatus-for carrying out my invention, Figures 1 and 2 are merely schematic circuit diagrams which illustrate in a general way 1 the principles of my invention.

,, I shall now describe the various parts in detail.

In Figure 3 I show a detailed drawing of the. right hand side elevation of the transmitter.

Upon a frame 31 two uprights 38 are suitably m mounted and are so shaped as to support a mandril 39 upon which the picture to be transmitted consisting-of a roll 40 is mounted, free to rotate around the mandril 39.

The-film roll 40 consists preferably of a transgm lucent substance which will permit variable amounts of light to pass through at different points, depending on the picture but may, if preferredymerely consist of a roll on which an 'image is printed and which reflects varying quantitles of light,='depending on the image- Roll 40 passes between rollers 4 l and 42, hence over platen 43 and is propelled forward in the direction shown by the arrow by rollers 44 and 45 in a manner to be described'hereinafte'r. Upon the same frame I! the synchronous motor 2, of any well known construction consisting of a field winding 41", core 48 and armature 49', is shown and is located so that'its driving shaft 50', suitably supported in bearings, has secured thereto the worm 7 rotated by the drive-shaft. Worm 7' is in proper mesh with worm gear 8;. Gear 8 is. secured to and imparts rotary motion to shaft 9 upon which cam ill is securely fastened.

Bearing against cam I0 is a cam follower52 Y Coiled about shaft I2 is a spiral spring 53, one end of which is secured to arm 54 and the other end bearing against the bracket 69. Cam follower 52' is thus normally heldin engagement-with.

of light 55 mounted in a light beam reflector or director which limits the beam to light rays in a single direction as shown. These light rays are properly focused by objective lens into a prism 5'! which in turn reflects the single pencil of lightrays at right angle to photoelectric cell 4 which,

together with a portion of the platen 43 and rollers, is shown in cross-section.

Before impinging on the photoelectric cell, the

ray of light must first pass through the go containing film and through the slit d3 of platen 33' provided for the purpose. By reason of the construction of reflector 57 and its relative'position to the film. all of the light passes at right angles to the film and only through that portion of the film directly opposite the light reflector El. The operation of scanning should now be clear.

With the armature shaftiil' of motor 2 rotating, worm 1 drives gear- 8 to in turn rotate shaft s andcam it; v

As cam it rotates, cam follower 52' is oscile iated back and forth, in turn rocking shaft M.

,(Figure 4) secured to and driving shaft l2.

. mitter. As shown, a slot 59 permits the narrow -The sourcet'of light 55 and its ,associated mechanism is correspondingly oscillated, providing a sweeping movement for reflector 51 and thus moving the light beam from point to point on the image from one edge to theopposite edge, soan- 5 ning a single arc line of the image. m

- Following the scanning of an arc line of the image, the'film is stepped a suflicient distance to present a new are line for scanning. This will now be described. I v

The film feeding mechanism comprises disc I! which is secured and rotatable with shaft [and therefore revolves with worm gear 8. Upon disc 59 two pins 60 and 6| are secured and as the disc revolves, they come in contact with the projection 62' of arm-62 pivoted at 63; As the pins continue to rotate they impart a reciprocatingmotion to connecting link 64 secured at one end to arm 62 and at its opposite end to arm 65w As link 64 reciprocates, it in turn actuates arm '88 upon which pawl 66 is held under tension against a tooth of ratchet 61 by spring 68. v

As shown, link 64 has secured thereto the collar 63', and slides in bracket 64' fastenedto upright 38. When link 64 is moved to the left in the manner described above, collar .68- compresses the spring 65' interposed between the collar 63' and bracket 64 so that when pin 8| passes beyond and releases arm 62, link 64 is returned to the position shown. Reciprocating mo-. 'tion is thus imparted to link 64, resulting in mov ing pawl 66 to turn ratchet wheel 61- and then returning the pawl '66 to engage a new tooth; Itwill be understoodfromthe descripti'on'to this point that the position of pins 60 and 6! is such-that they respectively engage arm 82 when the arm ll has been swung to either of its egtreme positions and is about to return so that the roll is fed-one stepand the return of .the scanner stylus is afiected over an adjacent .line to be scanned. H In Figure 4 I show a section through the main shaft 9lof the transmitter mounted in the bearing 69 formed in a bracket 69 and I show in detail worm gear 8 secured w and rotating shaft- 9 to which is also secured for rotation therewith cam Ill and paper feed disc 59. In the same figure,- finger 52' isshown in its respective location with cam 10. Figure 6 is a top view of the transmitter with portion of it.cut away to show the respective position of the photoelectric cell to the platen and the film. Upon base 31, the two uprights 38 are securely mounted at 38'. The roll of film containing the image to be transmitted is also shown at 40 while rollers 42 and 45 are shown in their respective location. Themain bearing 69 supports shaft. 9 upon which worm gear 8, cam Ill and film-feed disc 59 are secured. The scanning arm ii .car-. ried by arm 54 is shown in a central position while thev optical system, consisting of asource of light- 55,-objective lens 56 and prism 51, is

shown mountedthereupon in the proper-location. Under platen 63, a portion of the photoelectric cell 4 is shown together with suitable mounting means. The photoelectric cell 4 is arcuate in shape and is supportedat its-extreme ends infittings 58xby meahs 'of which circuit connections are made from the photoelectric cell to the trans,

pencil of rays equal to the thickness of theline to be scanned to impinge upon the photoelectric cell. It will'be' noted that the are covered by the am it is the same as the arc of thephotoelectric cell, so that in every position of the reflector 51, it is opposite a point of the photoelectric cell. The operation of the transmitter is as follows; c

When the circuit of the synchronous motor 2 is closed, its armature rotates, which in turn will drive worm l. The worm gear 8, therefore, will rotate in the direction shown by the arrow, car- I rying with it its cam I0, and inasmuch as finger 52 bears against it and is held in that position by spring 53 (Figure 3), it is evident that arm H will oscillate from left to right at a speed determined by the synchronous motor.

As shaft 9 revolves, pins 60 and 6| will come in contact with arm 82 and will rock it in the direction of their motion, carrying with it connecting rod 64 and rocker arm 65 (Figure 3) so as to impart an intermittent rotating motion to ratchet 81, causing the film to advance a predetermined amount.

If the circuit controlling the source of light is closed a very sharp beam of light will be focused upon the photoelectric cell l and as this beam is intercepted by the dark portion of the picture appearingon film 40, a corresponding change will occur in the amplifying circuit to which the photoelectric cell is connected, thus transforming light changesinto electrical changes. It is obvious that the entire transmitting unit is to be light tight and therefore a cover ll protects the entire unit from external light and dust.

I claim:

1. Ina facsimile transmitter, a scanner arm,

a source of power, a cam, a cam follower, an oscillating r'nember'secured to said cam follower, an

arm extending from said oscillating member and oscillating therewith, said scanner arm being pivotally supported on said arm, a light source, an oscillating reflector for throwing the light from said light source to successive points of a line of the image, said reflector being mounted on said oscillating member and an arc-shaped photo cell in the path of the light from said light source.

2. In a facsimile transmitter, a scanner arm, a

source of power, a cam, a cam follower, an oscillating member secured to said cam follower, an

arm extending from said oscillating member and oscillating therewith, said scanner arm being piv otally supported on said arm, a light source, an oscillating reflector for throwing the light from said light source to successive points of a line of the image, said reflector being mounted on said oscillating member, an arc-shaped photo cell in the path of the light from said light source, a record sheet in operative relation with said scanner arm, the image being scanned being on the recording sheet.

3. In a facsimile transmitter, a scanner arm, a

source of power, a cam, a cam follower, an oscillating member secured to said cam followenan arm extending from said oscillating member and oscillating therewith, said scanner arm being pivotally supported on said arm, a light source,

an oscillating reflector for throwing the light from said light source to successive points of a line of the image, said reflector being mounted on said oscillating member, an arc-shaped photo .cell in the path of the light from said light source, a record sheet in operative relation with said scanner arm, the image being scanned being on the record sheet, said sheet having a synchronizing signalv control portion periodically scanned by said scanner arm. I

4. In a facsimile transmitter, a scanner arm, a

source of power, a cam, a cam follower, an oscillating member secured to said cam follower, an arm extending from said oscillating member and oscillating therewith, said scanner arm being pivotally supported on said arm, alight source, an oscillating reflector for throwing the light from said light source to successive points of a line of the image for scanning, said reflector being mounted on said oscillating member, an arcshaped photo cell in the path of the light from said light source, a record sheet in operative relation with saidscanner arm, a feeder for said sheet, the image being scanned being on the recording sheet, said sheet having a synchronizing signal control portion periodically scanned by said scanner arm.

5. In a facsimile transmitter, a scanner arm,

a source of power, a cam, a cam follower, an-

source, an oscillating reflector for throwing the light from said light source to successive points of a line of the image for scanning, said reflector being mounted on said oscillating member, an arc-shaped photo cell in the path of the light from said light source, a record sheet in operative relation with said scanner arm, a feeder for said sheet, the image being scanned being on the record sheet, said sheet having a synchronizing signal control portion, a reciprocat ing arm for operating said feeder, a pawl and ratchet connection from said source of power to said cam, a member driven by said motor when said pawl engages said ratchetior reciprocating saidarm once for each scanning cycle to feed said sheet to successive lines.

6; In a picture transmitter, a record sheet having a record thereon adapted to be scanned; a scanning unit comprising a pivoted carrier having thereon a light source and means for of light to pass therethrough in accordance with the different light permeabilities of the record sheet; a scanning unit comprising a pivoted carrier having thereon a light source and means for concentrating a light ray emanating therefrom onto said record sheet; a linear light-sensitive cell disposed adjacent saidrecord sheet adapted to be controlled by said light ray passing through said record sheet and impinging thereupon at.

any point of the scanning travel of said ray; and means for oscillating said carrier to impart a to-and-fro pivotal scanning movement thereto.

8; In a facsimile transmitter, a translucentrecord sheet adapted to be scanned having a" record thereon andpermitting varying amounts of light to pass thereth'rough in accordance with the different'light permeabilities of the record sheet; a scanning unit comprising a pivoted carrier having thereon a light source and means for.

concentrating a light ray emanating therefrom onto said record sheet; a linear light-sensitive cell disposed adjacent said'record sheet adapted to be controlled by said iight ray passing through said point of the-scanning sheet;ascanning record sheet impinging thereupon "at any 4 travel of said ray; a' supporting platen for said --r'e cord sheet, said supportingplaten having a' slit therein for permit ting the passageof said light ray through said record sheet onto said light-sensitive cell; and means for oscillating said carrier to impart a to-and-iro pivotal movement thereto. 9. In a facsimile transmitter, a translucent recordsheet adaptedto-be scanned having a thereon and permitting varying amounts of'light to pass therethrough in accordance with the different light permeabilities of the record unit comprisinga pivoted carrier having. thereon a light source and means for concentrating a light ray emanating therefrom onto said record sheet; a linear light-sensitive cell disposed adjacent said record sheet adapted to be controlled by. said light ray passing throughsaid record sheet-and impinging, thereupon at any point of the scanning travel of said ray; means for oscillatingsaid carrier to impart a to-and-fro pivotal scanning movement sheet, said supporting platen ,having an arcv shaped slit therein conforming to the path of dicularly to the'plane thereoffa linear lightlight my 1 onto travel of said light'ray-for permitting the passage of said light ray through said record sheet onto said light-sensitive cell, said cell also being arc-shaped and in alignment with said slit.

10. In a picture transmitter, a record sheet I having a record thereon adapted to'be scanned; a scanning unit comprising a pivoted carrier having thereon. a light source and means for concentrating a light ray emanating therefrom onto said record sheet; a curvilinear lightesensi-- tive cell conforming to the arcuate path ofthe scanning travel of said. light-ray disposed in, cooperative relationship with respect to said record sheet and said light ray adapted to be controlled by said ray at any point of its scanning travel; and means for oscillating said carrimto impart a to-and-fro pivotal scanning movementthereto.

11. In a. picture transmitter, a record sheet having a record thereonadaptedto be scanned; a scanning unit. compiising a pivoted carrier having thereon a light source-and means for concentrating a light ray emanating therefrom said record sheet comprising an objective lensand aprism for focusing the light therefrom onto said record sheet; a linear light-sensitive cell disposed in cooperative relationship with respect to said record sheet and said light rail adapted to be controlled by said ray at any point of its scanning travel; and means for oscillating said carries-to impart a to-and-i'ro pivotal scan-' ning movement thereto. I

12. in a pic'tiue transmitter, a record sheet having a record thereon adapted to be-scanned; a scanning unit adapted to move in a plane substantially paralleltothe plane of said record sheet at the scanning portion thereof .jinciuding a-pivoted am having thereon a light source and means for concentrating a light ray emanating therefrom onto said record sheet, said'lastmentioned means comprising a lens system including a prism fordirecting said concentrated. ra'y onto said record sheet substantiallyperpendisposed in ooperative relation- .to said record sheet and said to becontrolled by said my s at any point oflts -scanning unit comprising ing thereon a light source and'means for'concentrating a light ray emanating therefrom onto to said record sheet and pivotal scanning record sheet permitting varying for angularly rocking said arm a to: and-fro pivotal scanning movement. 13. In a facsimile vtransmitterga translucent record sheet adapted to be "scanned having a recordthereon and permitting varying amounts of light to pass therethrough in accordance with the diiferent light permeabilities of the record isaidrecord sheet and impinging thereupon at any point of the scanning travel i of said ray; and means for oscillating said carrier to impart a toand-fro pivotal scanning movement thereto.

14. r The combination set forth in claim 6 wherein said last-mentioned means comprises a source of motive power, a cam driven by said source of thereto; a supporting platen for said record power, and 'a cam follower connected to said pivoted carrier controlled by said cam.

I 15. The combination set forth in claim 7' wheresaid cam.

16. In a picture transmitting ystem, a record sheet having a record thereon adapted to be scanned and an allotted portion for controlling the production of a synchronizing impulse; a

said record sheet; a linear light-sensitive cell disposed in cooperative relationship 'with respect to be controlled by said ray at any pointyof its said light my adapted a pivoted .carrier'hav- I scanning travel to eifect at least a scanning of V the record on and record sheet; and mans for oscillating said carrier to impart a to-and-fro pivotal scanning movement thereto.

- 17, In a'picture transmitting system, a record sheet having a record. zone bearing a record adapted to-be scanned and a synchronizing ,zone for controlling the production of a synchronizing impulse; a scanning unit comprising a pivoted carrier having thereon a light source and means for concentrating a light ray emanating therefrom onto said record sheet; a linear light-sensitive .cell disposed in cooperative relationship with respect to said record sheet-and adapted to be controlled by said ray said light-ray at any point of its scanning travel in accordance with the light variations of said record; and means for oscillating said carrier to impart a to-and-fro movement thereto.

18. In a facsimile transmitter, a translucent record sheet having a record thereon adapted to be scanned and an allotted portion for controlling the production of a synchronizing impulse, said amounts of light to pass therethrough in accordance with the different light permeabilities of the record sheet; a

scanning unit comprising a pivoted carrier having thereon a light source and means for concentrating a light ray emanating therefrom onto said recordsheet; a light-sensitive cell disposed adjacent said record sheet adapted to be controlled by said light ray passing through said record .sheet and impinging thereupon at any point of the scanning travel of said rayin accordance with the different light permeabilities of said record sheet; and means for oscillating said carrier to, impart a to-and-fro pivotal scanning movement thereto.

19. The combination set forth in claim 18,

record sheet having a record zone bearing a record adapted to be scanned and a synchronizing zone for controlling the production of a synchronizing impulse consisting of an extra long signal period, said record sheet permitting vary-. ingamounts of light to pass therethrough in accordance with the different light permeabilities of the record sheet; a scanning unit comprising a pivoted carrier having thereon a light source and means for concentrating a light ray emanating therefrom onto said record sheet; a linear light-sensitive cell disposed adjacent said record sheet and extending opposite both said record and synchronizing zones of said record sheet adapted to be controlled by said light ray passing through said record sheet and impinging thereupon at any point of the scanning travel of said ray in accordance with the different light permeabilities of said record sheet; and means'for oscillating said carrier to impart a to-'and-fro pivotal scanning movement thereto.

21. The combination set forth in claim 20 wherein is provided asupporting platen for said record sheet, said supporting platen having an arcuate slit therein for permitting the passage of the light ray through said record sheet onto said light-sensitive cell.

22. Ina facsimile transmitter, a translucent record sheet having a record zone bearing a record-adapted to be scanned and a synchronizing zone for controlling the production of a synchronizing impulse consisting of a signal of higher amplitude than the normal record signals, said record sheet permitting varying amounts of light to pass therethrough in accordance' with the different light permeabilities of the record sheet; a

scanning 'unit comprising a pivoted carrier having. thereon a light source and means for concentr'ating a light ray emanating therefrom onto said record sheet; a linear light-sensitive cell disposed adjacent said record sheet adapted to be controlled by said light raypassing through said record sheet and impinging thereupon at any point of the scanning travel of said ray in accordance with the different light permeabilities of said record sheet; and means for oscillating said carrier to impart a to-and-fro pivotal J scanning movement thereto.

23. In'a facsimile transmitten. a translucent record sheet having a record zone bearing a rec 0rd adapted to be scanned and a synchronizing zone for controlling the production of a synchronizlng impulse consisting of a signal of higher. amplitude than the normal record signals,

said record sheet permitting varying amounts of light to pass thcrethrough in accordance with the different light permcabilities of the record sheet;

a scanning unit comprising a pivoted carrier hav ing thereon a light source and means for concentrating a light ray emanating therefrom onto said record sheet; a linear light-sensitive cell disposed adjacent said record sheet opposite said record zone adapted to be controlled by said light my passing through said record sheet and impinging thereupon at any point of the scanning travel of said ray in accordance with the dif ferent light permeabilities of said record; a second light-sensitive cell disposed adjacent said record sheet within the field of said synchronizing zone adapted to be impinged upon by said light my passing through said record sheet, said second cell having a higher sensitivity than said first cell whereby an impulse of greater amplitude is produced thereby than the normal record signals from a record sheet of substantially uniform texture; and means for oscillating said carrier to impart a to-and fro'pivotal scanning movement thereto.

24. In a picture transmitter, a record sheet having a recordthereon adapted to be scanned; a scanning unit comprising a pivoted carrier having thereon alight source and means for concentrating a light ray emanating therefrom onto said record sheet; a linear light-sensitive cell disposed in cooperative relationship with respect to said record sheet and said light ray adapted to be controlled by said ray at any point of its scanning travel; means for oscillating said carrier to impart a to-and-fro pivotal scanning movement thereto; and means operative concomitantly with said last-mentioned means for tive cell disposed adjacent saidrecord sheet' adapted to be controlled by said light ray'passing through said record sheet and impinging thereupon at any point of the scanning travel of said ray; driving means for oscillating said carrier to impart a to-and-fro pivotal scanning movement thereto; and a line-by-line feeding mechanism for said record sheet actuated by said driving means synchronouslywith the pivotal scanning movement of said carrier comprised in said scanning unit for presenting successive lines of said record sheet for cooperation with said scanning unit.

26. The combination claimed in claim 25 wherein said line-by-line feeding mechanism for said record sheet comprises a disk rotatably actuated by said driving means, pin means on said disk, an arm in the path of said pin means adapted to be engaged periodically thereby for im- 'parting a reciprocating motion to said arm, and 'means controlled by said reciprocating arm for feedingsaid record sheet line by line.

27. In a facsimile transmitter, a record sheet having a record zone bearing a record adapted 'to be scanned and a synchronizing zone for controlling the production of a synchronizing impulse consisting of a signal of higher amplitude than the normal record signals, said record sheet permitting varying amounts of light to pass therethrough in accordance with the different light permeabilities of U118 record sheet; a scanning unit comprising a pivoted carrier having thereon alight source and means for concentrating a 7 8 I a,oao,12a

light ray emanating therefrom onto said record sheet; a linear light-sensitive cell disposed ad'- 'jace nt said record sheet opposite said record zone adapted to be controlled by said. light ray passing through said record sheet and imping- 'ing thereupon at any point of the scanning travel of said ray in accordance with the diflerent light permeabilities of said record; a second light-sensitiye cell disposed adjacent said record sheet within the field ot said synchronizing zone adapted to be impinged upon by said light. ray passing through said record sheet to produce the syn- 

